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Boston Public Library
The Boston Public Library is a municipal public library system in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1848. The Boston Public Library is also the Library for the Commonwealth〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://mblc.state.ma.us/mblc/publications/agenda2013/ )〕 (formerly ''library of last recourse'')〔Declared in 1970 by law. Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 78, Section 19C, paragraph 4〕 of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; all adult residents of the commonwealth are entitled to borrowing and research privileges, and the library receives state funding. The Boston Public Library contains approximately 23 million items encompassing all formats including books, DVDs, maps, music scores, and visual materials,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bpl.org/press/files/2014/09/BPLbytheNumbersFY14.pdf )〕 making it the second-largest public library in the United States behind only the Library of Congress (with nearly 35 million items), according to the American Library Association.〔American Library Association, "(ALA Library Fact Sheet 22 – The Nation's Largest Libraries: A Listing by Volumes Held )". July 2010.〕 In fiscal year 2014, the library held over 10,000 programs, all free to the public, and lent 3.7 million materials.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Bpl.org )〕
==Overview==
According to its website, the Boston Public Library has a collection of over 23.7 million items, which makes it one of the largest municipal public library systems in the United States. The vast majority of the collection – over 22.7 million volumes — is held in the library's central research library.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.bpl.org/general/about/BPL_Fact_Sheet.pdf )〕 Between July 2012 and June 2013, the annual circulation of the BPL was 3.69 million.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bpl.org/general/about/stats.htm )〕 Because of the strength and importance of its research collection, the Boston Public Library is a member of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), a not-for-profit organization comprising the research libraries of North America. The New York Public Library is the only other public library that is a member of the ARL. The library has special strengths in art and art history (available on the third floor of the McKim building) and American history (including significant research material), and maintains a depository of government documents.
Included in the BPL's research collection are more than 1.7 million rare books and manuscripts. It possesses wide-ranging and important holdings, including medieval manuscripts and incunabula, early editions of William Shakespeare (among which are a number of Shakespeare quartos and the First Folio), the George Ticknor collection of Spanish literature, a major collection of Daniel Defoe, records of colonial Boston, the 3,800 volume personal library of John Adams, the mathematical and astronomical library of Nathaniel Bowditch, important manuscript archives on abolitionism, including the papers of William Lloyd Garrison, and a major collection of materials on the Sacco and Vanzetti case. There are large collections of prints, photographs, postcards, and maps. The library, for example, holds one of the major collections of watercolors and drawings by Thomas Rowlandson. The library has a special strength in music, and holds the archives of the Handel and Haydn Society, scores from the estate of Serge Koussevitzky, and the papers of the important American composer Walter Piston.
For all these reasons, the historian David McCullough has described the Boston Public Library as one of the five most important libraries in America, the others being the Library of Congress, the New York Public Library, and the university libraries of Harvard and Yale.
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